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The cost of price ceiling: H1N1 vaccine shortage

Friday, November 27, 2009
(Updated 3:00 am)

As the father of a 5-month-old baby, it concerns me that I still do not have access to the H1N1 vaccine. We as a society have decided that vaccines should be “affordable,” and have passed laws to cap prices.

At face value, this sounds like a “fair” idea. Everyone should have access to vaccines regardless of income, and no corporation should make huge profits off of vaccines. Or should they?

Without price caps, when shortages such as today’s H1N1 vaccine shortage occur, something beautiful happens. Prices go up.

Why is this good? Higher prices entice additional producers to the market.

When more producers enter the market, two even more beautiful things happen: Supplies increase and prices decline to “affordable” and “fair” levels. This is true with HDTVs, cars, microwaves, food, clothing and, yes, vaccines.

Politically, though, a knee-jerk decision to cap vaccine prices is easy to sell. After all, limiting pharmaceutical companies’ profits is more important than ensuring access to much-needed vaccines. So we are left with few producers with little incentive who mostly employ an archaic and time-consuming vaccine-production method.

 

 

Timothy Dew
Mebane

Comments

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J D R

November 27, 2009 - 5:40 am EST

I don't know much about all this .. was there "price fixing"? afaik, the g-men bought a couple-hundred million doses. If my tax dollars were used, I sure hope it was competatively bid to a good spec.

Why should the g-man buy this in the first place? Why shouldn't the Health Providers be footing the bill? After all - if one get's sick enough to go to the Dr. or Hospital they are suppose to be pickin' up the tab as part of the deal. How about the Life insurance people - should they kick in too? If ya die from this they have to pay out too?

But let's assume We The People decide it is in our national interest for the government to get involved. If prices for "critical items" like the H1N1 vaccine (as the LTE writer imples) float to match supply and demand then access will depend on one's personal income quintile and/or whether or not one's mother-in law happens to be some-one.

Look at it this way - is America really better off assuring first the survival of the Simpson Sisters?

Yvonne

November 27, 2009 - 7:08 am EST

Apparently there is not time, in the case of certain flu strains, to open the market to a bidding war. I don't know how it is decided what company will make emergent vaccines. All I know for sure is, in such situations where we need something yesterday to contain a threat so many people, I do not want my government assing around. I am reminded of the old saying, "What is the point of closing the barn door after the horses are out?"

neocon

November 27, 2009 - 7:19 am EST

"When more producers enter the market, two even more beautiful things happen: Supplies increase and prices decline to “affordable” and “fair” levels."

This does not compute in Obamanation.

J D R

November 27, 2009 - 8:38 am EST

your buddies at the Washington Times are less critical, Neo.

"Overall, Dr. Markel called the swine flu effort to date "truly remarkable." He noted that in a typical flu season about 40 million people are vaccinated -- and indeed, authorities say people should get both the normal and the swine flu vaccine this year.

The vaccine-makers -- MedImmune, Novartis AG, Sanofi-Aventis SA, GlaxoSmithKline PLC and CSL Ltd. -- have had to turn directly from seasonal vaccine production to making even greater quantities of swine flu vaccine. The latter was being made even as the former was being packaged and shipped. All but Glaxo had their swine flu vaccines approved by the FDA on Tuesday.

"To me as a historian of medicine and public health, it's the grandest undertaking in mass vaccinations that we have seen in human history" in such a short period of time, he said.

http://www.emsresponder.com/web/online/Top-EMS-News/H1N1-Vaccine-Makers--Suppliers-Struggle-to-Meet-Orders/1$10468

... and the "free market" seems to have hurt one of the key ingredients: "Since FluMist's approval in 2003, sales have been lackluster, generating limited demand for the sprayers"

.. but yea as you state, it's clearly Obama's fault

"The government contracted with Novartis of Switzerland and Sanofi-Aventis of France to build vaccine-production facilities here at home. The $150 million Sanofi plant in southeastern Pennsylvania is already making vaccines. The U.S. gave the company a $77.4 million contract to retrofit an existing facility there in 2007.

The Novartis plant in North Carolina, funded in part with a $487 million federal contract announced in January,

dcolin

November 27, 2009 - 1:19 pm EST

You are also an Economist.

bubba

November 27, 2009 - 1:40 pm EST

It's all Bush's fault.

Isn't it always?

danagain

November 27, 2009 - 8:39 am EST

"Supplies increase and prices decline to “affordable” and “fair” levels. This is true with HDTVs, cars, microwaves, food, clothing and, yes, vaccines."

Might I add that innovation also increases as everyone looks for a way to make a better mousetrap. Novartis AG, an eeeeeeeeevvvvvvviiiiiillllll pharma corporation has built a better mousetrap for manufacturing a flu vaccine. Ironically it will result in more jobs for fellow North Carolinians over the next few years.

http://www.manufacturing.net/News-Novartis-To-Make-Swine-Flu-Vaccine-Fro...

J D R

November 27, 2009 - 8:58 am EST

... made possible by the Socialist Governmeet you love to hate.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405297020373940457428660260041854...

==

the constant whine for Free Markets .. tends to drown out reality.

http://www.prdomain.com/companies/N/Novartis/newsreleases/2009112580865....

danagain

November 27, 2009 - 9:20 am EST

If someone gave you a billion you'd take it too. In govt. speak a billion is chump change. As I post this http://www.usdebtclock.org/ there is a 3 on the billion mark, let's see how long it takes to get to 4.

J D R

November 27, 2009 - 9:51 am EST

ooh ... sorry ... thought for a second you were talking about Welfare Moms ..

"If someone gave you a food stamp you'd take it too"

Here's the point .. it's NOT Government .. at least not 99% ..MOST of the government are regular folks like you and I trying to do a job and get ends to meet. It's the 1% of government - the people elected to run it .. and YOU have some control over that .. but of course if [the generic] you always harp on one party and give the other a free-pass because they are "the lesser of two evils", there is never any progress. If you believe the rhetoric of this lesser of two evil party, they know they have your vote - there is no incentive for movement - and there is never progress. If they need to sway you a bit they will pull out the Pro-Life bleeding card or pump up Immigration Anger .. but ultimately they continue downthe same path - do the same thing. Some folks - a lot of folks - are simply fooled all the time. The opposite is also true with the exact same result.

danagain

November 27, 2009 - 9:55 am EST

From H1N1 vaccine to voting preferences. BTW, if govt. is going to cap prices by law why is it surprising that they are subsidizing the manufacturer?

As for my voting, last election was the lesser of two bad choices. But you are correct in that Repubs need to get off the abortion and gay marriage bit and focus on the economy, national security, and the debt. As for illegal immigration, that issue pisses off many liberals, ask Yvonne, and neither party has done squat to address it, save for Bushies failed amnesty proposal.

J D R

November 27, 2009 - 11:01 am EST

"From H1N1 vaccine to voting preferences". Everything is interrelated.

"BTW, if govt. is going to cap prices by law why is it surprising that they are subsidizing the manufacturer? "

1 - I'm not the one surprised at subsidizing - just pointing out the fabled "free market" we keep hearing about is only a fantasy..
2 - Last BCBS statement I got had Capped Prices, but they called it "Reasonable " (or something like that).
3 - Everything is interrelated.

J D R

November 27, 2009 - 11:04 am EST

" .. and neither party has done squat to address it, save for Bushies failed amnesty proposal."

Wrong. Ronnie solved that problem once and for all .. and did the same for Social Security.

danagain

November 27, 2009 - 12:54 pm EST

Already past 4, takes but a few hours.

J D R

November 27, 2009 - 7:30 pm EST

.. up to now only one Blogger here-in has even questioned the rationale for the g-men financial comittment to the H1N1 Vaccine .. yet we hear how the debt clock is ticking.

danagain

November 27, 2009 - 9:55 pm EST

Now it's almost to 6.

dcolin

November 27, 2009 - 1:19 pm EST

Another economist.

Panacea

November 27, 2009 - 11:30 am EST

Mr. Dew's comments are off target for several reasons.

First of all, there are several companies making H1N1 vaccine. They use the exact same process to make seasonal flu vaccine, and were all ready set up for production when the need arose.

The reason the vaccine has been in short supply is because all of the manufacturer's have been shipping the vaccine as soon as it came off the production line, instead of stockpiling it first the way the do for seasonal flu. Thus, the supplies have been small and piecemeal. However, the CDC was in agreement with the decision, the reasoning being it was better to get small supplies out quick than large supplies later. I agree with that rationale, even though it has meant we don't have the drive by on demand we are used to in this country.

Secondly, Mr. Dew's thought processes are much mistaken when it comes to the pharmacuetical industry. There is plenty of competitoin, yet some of the most effective, least inexpensive medications can run in short supply because Big Pharma does not make enough profit off these drugs.

An example of this is Narcan (naloxone), an opiate antagonist used to treat narcotic overdoses. It was in short supply a few years ago even though it is cheap to make because the manufacturers wanted to focus on production of Cadillac drugs under patent that bring them their biggest profits: drugs like Viagra, Lipitor, and so on. And that's just one example.

Finally, there are no price caps on vaccines or pharmaceuticals in this country. The manufacturers can charge whatever they want. The issue is reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, and the insurance companies. Doctors aren't being reimbursed for their costs to buy, stock, and give vaccines. In fact, they lose money, not just on their operational costs but on the cost of the vaccine itself. Therefore many doctor's offices are not buying them. This is true not just for the flu vaccines, but for tetanus, MMR, Hep B and many others.

danagain

November 27, 2009 - 12:21 pm EST

"Therefore many doctor's offices are not buying them."

Aren't the Feds paying for the H1N1 vaccine? I went to a clinic owned by a university and they told me the vaccines are just shipped piecemeal, they aren't ordering them. They said they usually get a quantity of 100, put the sign out front that they have the vaccine, and poof it's gone until the next batch randomly shows up.

Panacea

November 27, 2009 - 7:21 pm EST

They're not paying for all of it. Maxim Healthcare had some and did a clinic at a church in High Point 2 weeks ago; I got my H1N1 shot there because I missed the free clinic from the health department (because I had the flu).

My insurance paid for it. It was not free.

danagain

November 27, 2009 - 8:25 pm EST

Now that's ironic, you missed the swine flu shot because you had the flu.

Panacea

November 27, 2009 - 10:31 pm EST

Tell me about it . . .

tdew2

November 27, 2009 - 12:41 pm EST

Responses to "panacea":

"First of all, there are several companies making H1N1 vaccine."

[tdew] We agree - there use to be dozens (Twenty-five in the U.S. alone, now there are two, although a third in opening in Holly Springs) and now there are "several". I will stick with calling it "few".

They use the exact same process to make seasonal flu vaccine, and were all ready set up for production when the need arose.

[tdew] We agree - the same process - the archaic chicken egg process ref'd in the LTTE. The above mentioned Holly Springs facility will be using cell technology - a vast improvement, but one that could have been in process years ago had the gov't not interfered.

"The reason the vaccine has been in short supply is because all of the manufacturer's have been shipping the vaccine as soon as it came off the production line, instead of stockpiling it first the way the do for seasonal flu. Thus, the supplies have been small and piecemeal. However, the CDC was in agreement with the decision, the reasoning being it was better to get small supplies out quick than large supplies later. I agree with that rationale, even though it has meant we don't have the drive by on demand we are used to in this country."

[tdew] Please explain this further - From what I understand, you argue that if the manufacturers stockpile the H1N1 vaccine until January, there will be no shortage? Bottom line, we would have people without the vaccine today either way.

"Secondly, Mr. Dew's thought processes are much mistaken when it comes to the pharmacuetical industry. There is plenty of competitoin, yet some of the most effective, least inexpensive medications can run in short supply because Big Pharma does not make enough profit off these drugs. An example of this is Narcan (naloxone), an opiate antagonist used to treat narcotic overdoses. It was in short supply a few years ago even though it is cheap to make because the manufacturers wanted to focus on production of Cadillac drugs under patent that bring them their biggest profits: drugs like Viagra, Lipitor, and so on. And that's just one example."

[tdew] Please re-read the LTTE. Pharmaceutical industry competition is not being questioned. Competition within the Flu vaccine market is.

Finally, there are no price caps on vaccines or pharmaceuticals in this country. The manufacturers can charge whatever they want. The issue is reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid, and the insurance companies. Doctors aren't being reimbursed for their costs to buy, stock, and give vaccines. In fact, they lose money, not just on their operational costs but on the cost of the vaccine itself. Therefore many doctor's offices are not buying them. This is true not just for the flu vaccines, but for tetanus, MMR, Hep B and many others.

[tdew] Not sure where you are getting this info, but it is incorrect. Please see other posts above - Someone else actually provided a link to a WSJ article that you will find useful.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405297020373940457428660260041854...

J D R

November 27, 2009 - 7:27 pm EST

tdew - that link came from me .. but I don't see where it discusses price caps - federally mandated or otherwise. I think we all understand reimbursement from Medicare and Medicaid is "limited" .. but so it that from the insurance companies.

How can Panecea be wrong getting this info incorrect?

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405297020373940457428660260041854...

Panacea

November 27, 2009 - 7:52 pm EST

Mr. Dew,

To answer your questions. I was not arguing the H1N1 vaccine was going to be stockpiled until January.

Normally the manufacturers are told by scientists which strains of the flu are likely to be prevalent in the coming flu season. I don't know how they figure that out, but they are usually on the money. The manufacturers start production in late spring (the process takes about 6 months), and have the vaccine stockpiled by October, when it is sent to clinics and doctors offices. Flu season does not actually start until December/January. Usually the supplies are made and stockpiled, and then delivered in October before flu season starts.

However, the vaccine for H1N1 was not approved until late in the normal production process, and some of the productions lines had to be shifted over from producing seasonal flu. Next year H1N1 will be in the seasonal flu vaccine, but they could not change the manufacturing process in time to do it this year. Once production of the H1N1 vaccine started, the companies shipped them out under the reasoning the sooner the better to get it available. They felt that waiting until they had enough made to satisfy all demands at once would risk the epidemic getting worse because it would be well into the normal flu season before they were able to ship to everyone at once if they waited.

Regarding price caps: I don't know where you got your information. The link you provided talks about the manufacturing process for the H1N1 vaccine, which confirms everything I've said in this post, plus my previous one.

The article you cite does say that the federal government entered into contracts with the manufacturers to buy key ingredients used to make the vaccine, which the manufacturers will use to make the vaccine that is being made for the federal government. It does not say anything about price caps. It does not say the manufacturers cannot buy supplies to make vaccine to be sold for profit commercially. I got my H1N1 vaccine from a commercially run clinic (my insurance paid for it).

Regarding the number of manufacturers; I used a factual statement so I'm not sure what your beef is. Yes, there used to be far more. Like many large industries, competition drove less competitive companies out of business. Are you saying there should be more companies making vaccines and pharmaceuticals?

Regarding the new cell culture technology; I read the article with interest, but felt no need to comment on it earlier as it simply confirmed much of what I already said, and it says nothing about "government" interference. I did do a bit of research on cell culture vaccines; the technology is not new (polio vaccine is made this way) but there are issues with quality control, purity, and validation of the effectiveness of the vaccine made this way that have not been resolved as far as flu vaccine is concerned. Egg cultures are cost effective, and the vaccine works very well. The only downside to egg cultures is some people are allergic to egg albumin, which can contaminate the vaccine, and this also raises risks in those with a history of Guillain Barre.

The FDA recently denied an expedited approval to a small Connecticut company because of safety concerns, but also because the company could not prove their vaccine was more effective than the normal seasonal flu vaccine and so rushing through approval was not justified. So I am not sure what government interference are you talking about? Can you explain further?

However, such a facility is being built in the US by Novantis. This is why I don't understand your complaint about "government interference."

As to where I got my information regarding doctors not giving flu vaccines in the office, check out this link:

http://money.cnn.com/2009/09/08/news/economy/health_care_vaccinations/in...

My doctor quit giving flu shots for this reason.

tdew2

November 27, 2009 - 10:28 pm EST

Thank you for taking the time to reply again. Please see my responses on the next page (2).

J D R

November 27, 2009 - 7:29 pm EST

ALSO .. up to now only one Blogger here-in has questioned the rationale for the g-men financial comittment to the H1N1 Vaccine .. interesting.

Panacea

November 27, 2009 - 7:57 pm EST

Who did, and where did they say it? I read back to see if I could find it, but I'm not sure who you are talking about.

J D R

November 28, 2009 - 8:32 am EST

The very first post .. by me.

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